Our DNA Testing Technology

In order to perform a DNA test, we require, at a minimum, a cheek cell sample collected from both the child and the alleged father. With DNA Roots, you have the advantage of collecting the specimens in your own home using the sample collection kit we send you, containing everything you need for the collection process.

The difference between ancestry DNA testing and family relationship DNA testing is the region of the DNA that is analyzed. For ancestry DNA testing, we analyze genetic markers called Single Nucleotide Polymorphisms (SNPs). Paternity tests and other family relationship DNA tests requires the analysis of genetic markers called Short Tandem Repeats (STRs) instead. The only exception is mtDNA testing, where the scientists analyze specific genetic markers on the mitochondria, not the DNA found in the nucleus of the body's cells.

Once we receive all the specimens in our laboratory, the testing process can begin. The technology we use is the Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) testing combined with the Identifiler™ system for analysis. First, we isolate pure DNA from the sample by removing all the proteins and other things that can be found within a cell.

We then find and map the loci (specific locations) on each person’s DNA. For example, in paternity testing, by comparing the loci of the child and alleged father’s DNA, we are able to measure a "probability of paternity". If the probability of paternity is 99.99% or greater, the test is considered to be conclusive for paternity. The probability of paternity is zero when there are loci in the child’s DNA that do not match the alleged father’s. Thus, he is excluded from possibly being the father of the child.

As stated earlier, our testing process is more extensive than those of other laboratories because we test 16 loci, and we have the capability to test up to 25 in unusual circumstances. Some laboratories test only 9, or even as few as 3 loci, but we want to ensure the most conclusive results possible. In addition, our laboratory staff has over 75 years of combined experience with DNA Testing and we utilize cutting-edge technology to deliver the highest possible quality at the lowest possible cost.